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\documentclass[epj]{svjour}
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\begin{document}
\hugehead
%
%\vspace{-2cm}
\headnote{
\hfill 
\parbox{9cm}{\tt \normalsize BIHEP-TH-2009-005, BU-HEPP-09-08, CERN-PH-TH/2009-201,
DESY 09-092,\\ FNT/T 2009/03,
Freiburg-PHENO-09/07,\\ 
HEPTOOLS 09-018, IEKP-KA/2009-33,\\ LNF-09/14(P), LPSC 09/157,\\LPT-ORSAY-09-95, LTH 851, MZ-TH/09-38,\\PITHA-09/14, PSI-PR-09-14, \\SFB/CPP-09-53, WUB/09-07 \\}}

\title{Quest for precision in hadronic cross
sections at low energy:\\
  Monte Carlo tools vs. experimental data}


 \subtitle{Working Group on Radiative Corrections  and  Monte Carlo Generators for Low Energies}

\author{
S.~Actis \inst{38} \and 
A.~Arbuzov \inst{9,43} \and
G.~Balossini \inst{32,33} \and
P.~Beltrame \inst{13} \and 
C.~Bignamini \inst{32,33} \and
R.~Bonciani \inst{15} \and
C.~M.~Carloni Calame \inst{35} \and
V.~Cherepanov \inst{25,26} \and
M.~Czakon \inst{1} \and
H.~Czy\.z  \inst{19,44,47,48} \and 
A.~Denig \inst{22} \and 
S.~Eidelman \inst{25,26,45} \and 
G.~V.~Fedotovich \inst{25,26,43} \and 
A.~Ferroglia \inst{23} \and
J.~Gluza \inst{19} \and
A.~Grzeli{\'n}ska \inst{8}\and
M.~Gunia   \inst{19} \and
A.~Hafner  \inst{22} \and
F.~Ignatov \inst{25} \and
S.~Jadach  \inst{8} \and
F.~Jegerlehner \inst{3,19,41} \and
A.~Kalinowski \inst{29} \and
W.~Kluge \inst{17} \and 
A.~Korchin \inst{20} \and 
J.~H.~ K\"uhn \inst{18}\and
E.~A.~Kuraev \inst{9} \and
P.~Lukin \inst{25} \and
P.~Mastrolia \inst{14} \and
G.~Montagna \inst{32,33,42,48} \and
S.~E. M\"uller\inst{22,44} \and 
F.~Nguyen \inst{34,42} \and 
O.~Nicrosini \inst{33} \and
D.~Nomura \inst{36,46}  \and
G.~Pakhlova \inst{24} \and 
G.~Pancheri \inst{11} \and
M.~Passera \inst{28} \and
A.~Penin \inst{10} \and
F.~Piccinini \inst{33} \and
W.~P\l{a}czek \inst{7} \and
T.~Przedzinski \inst{6} \and 
E.~Remiddi \inst{4,5} \and
T.~Riemann \inst{41} \and
G.~Rodrigo \inst{37} \and
P.~Roig  \inst{27} \and
O.~Shekhovtsova \inst{11} \and 
C.~P. Shen \inst{16} \and
A.~L. Sibidanov \inst{25} \and
T.~Teubner \inst{21,46}  \and
L.~Trentadue \inst{30,31} \and
G.~Venanzoni \inst{11,47,48}  \and
J.~J.~~van der Bij \inst{12} \and
P.~Wang  \inst{2} \and
B.~F.~L.~Ward \inst{39} \and
Z.~Was \inst{8,45} \and
M.~Worek \inst{40,19} \and
C.~Z.~Yuan \inst{2}
}                     % Do not remove
%
%\offprints{}          % Insert a name or remove this line
%
\institute{
\small{Institut f\"ur Theoretische Physik E, RWTH Aachen Universit\"at,
D-52056 Aachen, Germany%(1)
\and
Institue of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing 100049, China %(2)
\and
Institut f\"ur Physik %(3)
Humboldt-Universit\"at zu Berlin,
%Newtonstrasse 15
D-12489 Berlin, Germany
\and
Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit\`a di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy%(4)
\and
INFN, Sezione di Bologna, 
I-40126 Bologna, Italy%(5)
\and
The Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer
Science,
Jagiellonian University, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Cracow, Poland%(6)
\and
Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 
Reymonta 4, 30-059 Cracow, Poland%(7)
\and
Institute of Nuclear Physics 
Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Cracow, Poland %(8)
\and
Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear  
Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia%(9)
\and
Department of Physics, University of Alberta, %(10)
 Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada
\and
Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, I-00044 Frascati, Italy %(11)
\and
Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\"at
Freiburg,  D-79104 Freiburg, Germany %(12)
\and
CERN, Physics Department, CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland %(13)
\and
CERN, Theory Department,
CH-1211 Gen\`eve, Switzerland %(14)
\and
Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie,
Universit\'e Joseph Fourier/CNRS-IN2P3/INPG,\\
F-38026 Grenoble, France %(15)
\and
University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA %(16)
\and
Institut f\"ur Experimentelle Kernphysik, Universit\"at
Karlsruhe, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany %(17)
\and
Institut f\"ur Theoretische Teilchenphysik,   %(18)
Universit\"at Karlsruhe, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany.
\and
Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, %(19)
PL-40007 Katowice, Poland
\and
National Science Center ``Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology", %(20)
61108 Kharkov, Ukraine
%Kharkov Inst. of Physics and Tech. (KFTI),  %(20)
%National Science Center,
%1 Akademicheskaya Str.;
%UA-61108, Kharkov, Ukraine
\and
Department of Mathematical %(21)
Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K.
\and
Institut f\"ur Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg - %(22)
Universit\"at Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany  
\and
Institut f\"ur Physik (THEP), Johannes Gutenberg-Universit\"at,
D-55099 Mainz, Germany %(23)
\and
Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, %(24)
Moscow, Russia
%\and
%Techn. Univ. Muenchen, Physik Dept. T30;  %(25)
%James Franck Strasse; D-85747 Garching, Germany
\and
Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia %(25)
\and
Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia %(26)
\and
Laboratoire de Physique Th\'eorique (UMR 8627),%(27)
Universit\'e de Paris-Sud XI, B\^{a}timent 210,
91405 Orsay Cedex, France
\and
INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy %(28)
\and
LLR-Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France %(29)
\and
Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\`a di Parma, I-43100 Parma, Italy %(30)
\and
INFN, Gruppo Collegato di Parma,  %(31)
I-43100 Parma, Italy
\and
Dipartimento di Fisica Nucleare e Teorica, Universit\`a di Pavia,
I-27100 Pavia, Italy  %(32)
\and 
INFN, Sezione di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy %(33)
\and
Dipartimanto di Fisica dell'Universit\`a ``Roma Tre" and INFN %(34)
Sezione di Roma Tre,  I-00146 Roma, Italy
\and 
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, 
Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K. %(35)
\and 
Theory Center, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki %(36)
305-0801, Japan
\and
Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (IFIC),
Centro mixto UVEG/CSIC,
Edificio Institutos de Investigacion, Apartado de Correos 22085,
E-46071 Valencia, Espanya %(37)
\and
Paul Scherrer Institut, W\"urenlingen and Villigen, CH-5232 Villigen PSI,
Switzerland %(38)
\and
Department of Physics, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798-7316, USA %(39)
\and
Fachbereich C, Bergische Universit\"at Wuppertal,
D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany %(40)
\and
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY,
D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany %(41)
\and
Section \ref{sec:1} conveners %(42)
\and
Section \ref{sec:2} conveners %(43)
\and
Section \ref{sec:3} conveners %(44)
\and
Section \ref{sec:5} conveners %(45)
\and
Section \ref{sec:4} conveners  %(46)
\and
Working group conveners %(47)
\and
Corresponding authors: henryk.czyz@us.edu.pl, guido.montagna@pv.infn.it, graziano.venanzoni@lnf.infn.it %(48)
} }
%
\date{Received: date / Revised version: date}
% The correct dates will be entered by Springer
%

\abstract{
We present the achievements of the last years of the 
experimental and theoretical groups working on hadronic cross section
 measurements at the low energy $e^+ e^-$ colliders in Beijing, Frascati, Ithaca, Novosibirsk, Stanford and Tsukuba and on $\tau$ decays.
We sketch the prospects in these
  fields for the years to come. 
We emphasise the status and the precision 
  of the Monte Carlo generators used to analyse the hadronic cross section 
measurements obtained as well with energy scans as with radiative return, to
determine luminosities and $\tau$ decays. The radiative corrections 
fully or approximately
implemented in the various codes and the contribution of the vacuum
polarisation are discussed. 
\PACS{
      {13.66.Bc}{Hadron production in $e^{-}e^{+}$ interactions}   \and
     {13.35.Dx}{Decays of taus} \and
     {12.10.Dm}{Unified theories and models of strong and electroweak
interactions}\and
{13.40.Ks}{Electromagnetic corrections to strong- and weak-interaction
processes} \and
{29.20.-c}{Accelerators}
     } % end of PACS codes
 }%end of abstract
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\tableofcontents
\noindent
\section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
 \input{introduction}
\section{Luminosity}
%%%%\subsection[Shorter]{LO cross sections and NLO corrections}
\label{sec:1}
 \input{luminosity}
\section{$R$ measurement from energy scan}
\label{sec:2}
% \input{scan}
 \input{eidelman_scanlast}
\section{Radiative return }
\label{sec:3}
 \input{radret}
\section{Tau decays}
\label{sec:5}
 \input{tau_tt}
\section{Vacuum polarisation}
\label{sec:4}
 \input{vacpol}
\section{Summary}
\label{sec:6}
 \input{summary_tt}
%\vspace{1cm}
\begin{acknowledgement}
 \input{Acknowledgements}
\end{acknowledgement}

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